Re-Examining the Income–CO2 Emissions Nexus Using the New Kink Regression Model: Does the Kuznets Curve Exist in G7 Countries?
نویسندگان
چکیده
More countries have made carbon neutral or net zero emission commitments since 2019. Within this context, re-examining the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis plays an essential role in sizing up global economic development situation and realizing reduction target. A methodological challenge testing EKC hypothesis, which states that increasing income makes CO2 emissions begin to decline beyond a turning point, lies determining if benchmark point exists. The between is reassessed by applying new kink regression model for G7 from 1890 2015. Results reveal inverted U-shaped nexus does not exist US, Germany, Italy, Canada Japan. For these five countries, has but positive impact of incomes on becomes significantly smaller after point. We describe relationship as pseudo-EKC. K.U.K. France are only exceptions, fitting hypothesis. Further analysis indicates SO2 presents curve. Moreover, we observe occurs at different points time countries. Therefore, policies targeting pollutant should consider characteristics pollutants regions.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Sustainability
سال: 2022
ISSN: ['2071-1050']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su14073955